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Ventilation requirements and design guidelines for battery installations

Requirements, design guidelines, and real-world examples for ventilating battery and inverter installations — covering temperature limits, airflow calculation, layout, and component selection

Skrivet av Mats Wallén
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Ventilation requirements and design guidelines for battery installations

Before starting an installation, installers are required to document and share a detailed specification drawing (enlinjeschema / planritning) with KanEL for review. Failure to do so may result in KanEL not being able to support with issues resulting from poor ventilation.

The installer is responsible for ensuring that ventilation is sufficient for the system to operate according to specification. If in any doubt, consult an external ventilation expert.

NOTE: If the batteries and inverter do not fulfil the requirements below, they may not be operational with KanFLEX.

Mandatory temperature and airflow requirements

These are hard requirements. The system must be designed to meet all of them before commissioning.

  • Battery temperatures must be maintained between 15–25°C while resting

  • Maximum temperature difference across all battery units: 5°C

  • Time for batteries to reach 45°C at full power: minimum 1.5 hours

  • Inverters require continuous airflow at all times

  • Maximum air outlet temperature from inverters: 60°C

Cooling approaches

There are two general approaches to meeting cooling requirements. The right choice depends on whether the inverter and batteries are in the same room or separate rooms.

  • Air conditioner / heat pump — suitable primarily when inverter and batteries are in separate rooms

  • Natural airflow — strongly recommended when inverter and batteries share the same room

The majority of heat generation comes from the inverter. This is the most important variable when sizing a ventilation system.

Inverter and batteries in separate rooms

An air conditioner or heat pump works well in this configuration.

  • Ensure direct extraction of warm air from behind the inverter — use either a large hood covering the entire rear, or a sleeve coupling (stos) mounted over a corresponding opening in the grill

  • Install a T-junction and a damper (spjäll) behind the inverter to recirculate warm air within the room when the fan is inactive during winter

  • The inverter must not be cut off from airflow under any circumstance

  • KanFLEX can manage damper opening (24V or 230V) based on inverter temperatures

  • Be cautious of potential overcooling of batteries positioned in the direct air output from the inverter

  • Allow sufficient space around battery racks for proper air circulation to avoid temperature stratification:

Inverter and batteries in the same room

Natural airflow is strongly recommended in this configuration. It is very difficult to cool inverter exhaust air enough — using an air conditioner in this layout risks the cooled air being directed at the batteries and causing temperature stratification or overcooling.

Airflow sizing

Use this formula to estimate the minimum required airflow:

Total inverter power (kW) × 6.6 = total airflow required (m³/h)

For example: a 180 kW inverter requires approximately 1,188 m³/h.

Layout and ducting

  • Ensure direct extraction of warm air from behind the inverter — use either a large hood covering the entire rear, or a sleeve coupling (stos) mounted over a corresponding opening in the grill

  • Install a T-junction and a damper (spjäll) behind the inverter to recirculate warm air within the room when the fan is inactive during winter

  • The inverter must not be cut off from airflow under any circumstance

  • KanFLEX can manage fan speed (0–10V) and damper opening (24V or 230V) based on inverter and battery temperatures

  • The back of the inverter should not face the batteries

  • Allow sufficient space around battery racks for proper air circulation to avoid temperature stratification:

  • Fresh air intake should be positioned near the ceiling, close to the batteries:

  • For extended ducting runs, install an intake fan on the roof and an exhaust fan behind the inverter to avoid pressure drops

  • Ensure all doors are properly sealed with rubber mouldings (tätningslister)

  • Keep the room clean — where needed, wear protective clothing when working in the room to avoid accumulation of dust

Real-world examples

The table below shows two working installations. They illustrate the variables that need to be accounted for when designing the ventilation system.

Parameter

Example 1

Example 2

Main fuse

400 A

800 A

Inverter size

180 kW

240 kW

Number of inverters

2

1

**Total power**

**276.8 kW**

**240 kW**

Fan type

RS 160 C1-y1 EC

K 315 L EC

Fan power

124 W

331 W

Max. theoretical airflow per fan

1,044 m³/h

1,960 m³/h

Number of fans — intake

0

1

Number of fans — exhaust

2

1

Air recirculation valve

2 × 160 mm

N/A

Filter box

FLF315

FFR400

Filter class

F5

M5

Pressure drop — filter

150 Pa

40 Pa

Pressure drop — ducting

10 Pa

30 Pa

Real total airflow

1,900 m³/h

1,847 m³/h

**Cooling power**

**287.9 kW**

**279.8 kW**

Component selection guidance

When selecting ventilation components, the following factors have the greatest impact on system performance.

Fan type

Determines the system's ability to move air effectively. Different fan types — centrifugal, axial, and mixed-flow — have varying pressure capabilities and efficiency levels. Choosing the wrong type can lead to insufficient airflow.

Filter box

Acts as the housing for air filters and ensures proper air distribution across the filter surface. The box must prevent air bypass, ensure all air passes through the filter, and allow easy access for maintenance and filter replacement.

  • Recommended filter boxes: FLF315, FFR315, FFR400

  • Not recommended: FLK315 or FFR250

Filter class

Defines the level of air purification. Higher filter classes remove smaller particles but create a greater pressure drop, which requires a stronger fan and more energy.

Duct length

Affects the total pressure drop in the system and therefore the required fan power. Longer ducts create more resistance to airflow and must be accounted for when sizing fans.

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